使用说明

metacall的多语言解析器

一个跨平台的C/C++工具和库，用于解析多语言项目树坐者。提取函数、类并构建依赖树，而无需运行时执行。

由以下人员拥有和维护 abhicodes 0324.

GSoC项目： 实现多语言解析器

演示视频： YouTube演示

特性

静态分析 -解析源文件而不执行代码
多语言 -Python、JavaScript/TypeScript和Ruby（可扩展到更多）
符号提取 -函数、类和方法
导入/需要检测 -构建依赖关系图
MetaCall检查格式 -可选输出兼容 metacall_inspect （每个文件）
C API -可嵌入其他项目
命令行界面 -用于快速分析的命令行界面

构建

先决条件

CMake 3.24+
C11编译器（GCC、Clang、MSVC）
网络访问（用于首次下载FetchContent）

构建步骤

# Build (from project root) - Tree-sitter grammars are fetched automatically via CMake FetchContent
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build .

在第一次配置时，CMake通过FetchContent获取Tree sitter语法（需要网络访问）。

安装

从项目根目录运行：

# Option A: Install to /usr/local (requires sudo)
cd ..
sudo cmake --build build --target install

# Option B: Install to user directory (no sudo)
cmake -B build -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/.local
cmake --build build --target install
# Add to PATH if needed: export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

安装后 metacall-parser 二进制文件在PATH中可用。要在不安装的情况下运行，请使用 ./build/metacall-parser 从项目根目录（路径相对于当前目录）。

用法

命令行界面

# From project root (after install, or use ./build/metacall-parser without install)
metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py

# Parse and show human-readable output
metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py --format text

# Parse and show MetaCall inspect-compatible JSON
metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py --format inspect

# List functions and classes
metacall-parser list-functions tests/sample.js

# Build dependency graph for a directory
metacall-parser deps tests/

当从 build/ 目录，使用相对路径，如 ../tests/sample.py.

C API示例

#include "metacall_parser.h"

int main(void) {
    metacall_parser *parser = metacall_parser_create();
    metacall_result *result = metacall_parser_parse_file(parser, "script.py", NULL, 0);

    if (result) {
        const metacall_file_result *fr = metacall_result_get_file(result);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < fr->symbol_count; i++) {
            const metacall_symbol *s = &fr->symbols[i];
            if (s->type == METACALL_SYMBOL_FUNCTION || s->type == METACALL_SYMBOL_METHOD) {
                printf("%s%s: %s(",
                       s->is_async ? "async " : "",
                       s->type == METACALL_SYMBOL_METHOD ? "method" : "function",
                       s->name);
                for (size_t p = 0; p < s->param_count; p++) {
                    if (p > 0) printf(", ");
                    printf("%s", s->param_names[p]);
                }
                printf(") [line %u]\n", s->line);
            } else if (s->type == METACALL_SYMBOL_CLASS) {
                printf("class: %s [line %u]\n", s->name, s->line);
            }
        }
        metacall_result_free(result);
    }

    metacall_parser_destroy(parser);
    return 0;
}

输出格式

解析结果（JSON）

{
  "file": "sample.py",
  "language": "python",
  "functions": [
    {
      "name": "greet",
      "line": 7,
      "async": false,
      "params": [{ "name": "name" }]
    },
    {
      "name": "add",
      "line": 11,
      "async": false,
      "params": [{ "name": "a" }, { "name": "b" }]
    }
  ],
  "classes": [
    { "name": "Calculator", "line": 14 },
    { "name": "DataProcessor", "line": 21 }
  ],
  "imports": [
    {"module": "os"},
    {"module": "sys"},
    {"module": "utils"}
  ]
}

依赖关系图（JSON）

{
  "nodes": [
    {"id": "/path/to/main.py", "path": "...", "symbols": [...]},
    {"id": "/path/to/utils.py", "path": "...", "symbols": [...]}
  ],
  "edges": [
    {"from": "/path/to/main.py", "to": "/path/to/utils.py"}
  ]
}

样本输出

Python——JSON和文本

$ metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py
{"file":"tests/sample.py","language":"python","functions":[{"name":"greet","line":7,"async":false,"params":[{"name":"name"}]},{"name":"add","line":11,"async":false,"params":[{"name":"a"},{"name":"b"}]},{"name":"add","line":15,"async":false,"params":[{"name":"x"},{"name":"y"}]},{"name":"multiply","line":18,"async":false,"params":[{"name":"x"},{"name":"y"}]},{"name":"process","line":22,"async":false,"params":[{"name":"data"}]}],"classes":[{"name":"Calculator","line":14},{"name":"DataProcessor","line":21}],"imports":[{"module":"utils"}]}

$ metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py --format text
File: tests/sample.py
Language: python

Functions:
  - greet (line 7)
  - add (line 11)
  - add (line 15) [Calculator]
  - multiply (line 18) [Calculator]
  - process (line 22) [DataProcessor]

Classes:
  - Calculator (line 14)
  - DataProcessor (line 21)

Imports:
  - utils

Python——元调用检查格式

$ metacall-parser parse tests/sample.py --format inspect
{"py":[{"name":"tests/sample.py","scope":{"name":"sample","funcs":[{"name":"greet","async":false,"signature":{"ret":{"type":"Unknown"},"args":[{"name":"name","type":"Unknown"}]}},{"name":"add","async":false,"signature":{"ret":{"type":"Unknown"},"args":[{"name":"a","type":"Unknown"},{"name":"b","type":"Unknown"}]}},{"name":"add","async":false,"signature":{"ret":{"type":"Unknown"},"args":[{"name":"x","type":"Unknown"},{"name":"y","type":"Unknown"}]}},{"name":"multiply","async":false,"signature":{"ret":{"type":"Unknown"},"args":[{"name":"x","type":"Unknown"},{"name":"y","type":"Unknown"}]}},{"name":"process","async":false,"signature":{"ret":{"type":"Unknown"},"args":[{"name":"data","type":"Unknown"}]}}],"classes":[{"name":"Calculator"},{"name":"DataProcessor"}],"objects":[]}}]}

JavaScript——函数和导入

$ metacall-parser list-functions tests/sample.js
File: tests/sample.js
Language: javascript

Functions:
  - greet (line 6)
  - multiply (line 14)
  - add (line 17) [Calculator]
  - multiply (line 21) [Calculator]
  - process (line 27) [DataProcessor]

Classes:
  - Calculator (line 16)
  - DataProcessor (line 26)

Imports:
  - fs
  - ./utils

跨语言依赖关系图

$ metacall-parser deps tests/
{"nodes":[{"id":"tests/utils.py","path":"tests/utils.py","symbols":[{"name":"helper","type":"function","line":3}]},{"id":"tests/sample.py","path":"tests/sample.py","symbols":[{"name":"greet","type":"function","line":7},{"name":"add","type":"function","line":11},{"name":"Calculator","type":"class","line":14},{"name":"add","type":"method","line":15},{"name":"multiply","type":"method","line":18},{"name":"DataProcessor","type":"class","line":21},{"name":"process","type":"method","line":22}]},{"id":"tests/utils.js","path":"tests/utils.js","symbols":[{"name":"helper","type":"function","line":3}]},{"id":"tests/sample.js","path":"tests/sample.js","symbols":[{"name":"greet","type":"function","line":6},{"name":"multiply","type":"function","line":14},{"name":"Calculator","type":"class","line":16},{"name":"add","type":"method","line":17},{"name":"multiply","type":"method","line":21},{"name":"DataProcessor","type":"class","line":26},{"name":"process","type":"method","line":27}]}],"edges":[{"from":"tests/sample.py","to":"tests/utils.py"},{"from":"tests/sample.js","to":"tests/utils.js"}]}

项目结构

metacall-parser/
├── include/
│   └── metacall_parser.h      # Public C API
├── src/
│   ├── parser.c          # Core parsing logic
│   ├── api.c             # JSON export helpers
│   ├── dependency_builder.c
│   └── extractors/
│       ├── python_extractor.c
│       ├── js_extractor.c
│       └── ruby_extractor.c
├── cli/
│   └── main.c
├── tests/
│   ├── sample.py
│   ├── sample.js
│   ├── sample.rb
│   ├── utils.py
│   ├── utils.js
│   └── utils.rb
├── scripts/
│   └── fetch-deps.sh
└── CMakeLists.txt

测试

从项目根：

./tests/run_tests.sh ./build/metacall-parser

测试套件包括：

python --符号提取（函数、类、方法）、导入检测
JavaScript --符号提取，相对导入(./utils)
红宝石 --符号提取， require_relative 检测
依赖图 --边缘 sample.py → utils.py, sample.js → utils.js, sample.rb → utils.rb
命令行界面 — --format text, --format inspect

扩展到新语言

解析器的设计便于扩展。MetaCall支持Python、JavaScript、TypeScript、Ruby、C#、Go、Java、Rust、C等。要添加新语言，请执行以下操作：

添加Tree Sitter语法作为FetchContent依赖项
创建 src/extractors/<lang>_extractor.c 实现提取逻辑
注册于 metacall_lang_from_path() 和那个 LANGUAGES[] 桌子在 parser.c
将文件扩展名添加到 is_source_file() 在 dependency_builder.c 所以 metacall-parser deps 包括它
为函数、类和导入节点添加查询/遍历

用例

智能感知 -将解析后的符号馈送到IDE插件（例如VS Code）
功能网格 -将多语言项目分解为可分发的子部分
文档 -从静态分析生成API文档
重构 -了解跨文件依赖关系

多语言解析工具

使用说明

metacall的多语言解析器

特性

构建

先决条件

构建步骤

安装

用法

命令行界面

C API示例

输出格式

解析结果（JSON）

依赖关系图（JSON）

样本输出

Python——JSON和文本

Python——元调用检查格式

JavaScript——函数和导入

跨语言依赖关系图

项目结构

测试

扩展到新语言

用例

资源

使用说明

metacall的多语言解析器

特性

构建

先决条件

构建步骤

安装

用法

命令行界面

C API示例

输出格式

解析结果（JSON）

依赖关系图（JSON）

样本输出

Python——JSON和文本

Python——元调用检查格式

JavaScript——函数和导入

跨语言依赖关系图

项目结构

测试

扩展到新语言

用例

资源

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